So with this in mind, I was reluctant to sort the cheat sheet of products by industry. Recall that one of our summer interns, Courtney Yu, created a cheat sheet, a sort of Cliff's Notes, of Autodesk products. Although any customer from any industry may be able to reap the benefits from any product (which is even more likely due to convergence), I thought I'd take a crack at sorting Courtney's list by primary industry.
Current dam safety monitoring items are deformation, stress, uplift pressure, seepage, crack opening, and so on. Monitoring indexes for dam stress, uplift pressure, and seepage are determined according to the hydraulic specifications, and these items are often established for local areas where the monitoring quantities should be controlled strictly. Especially for dam stress, the stress-controllable areas, such as dam heel and dam toe, are also the stress concentration areas in the finite element method (FEM), so it is difficult to determine a reasonable stress control standard for these areas by FEM simulation [11]. As for the crack opening, it is not easy to determine the monitoring index by hydraulic specifications due to the complex opening mechanism of cracks. However, crack opening is the same as other monitoring items that only local damages may appear when its monitoring index is exceeded, and obvious abnormality will be directly reflected on dam deformation even if the rapid development of these local damages will result in the dam failure. Among all these monitoring items, deformation can directly reflect the global safety and the progressive failure process of dam-foundation system, so monitoring index for dam deformation is mostly determined as dam safety monitoring index [12].
Crack Tinkercad 2013
It is assumed by the limit state method that each dam failure modes are corresponding to a certain load combination, and dam failures are mainly boiled down to the failure modes of strength, stability, cracks, and so on. The limit state equation is defined as follows:where is the structure resistance, which is defined as material tension strength, compression strength, and shear strength for the evaluation of strength, and the antisliding force and fracture toughness for the evaluation of stability and cracking, respectively; is the load effect, which is determined as extreme stress, sliding force, and stress intensity factor for the evaluation of strength, stability, and cracking, respectively.
Strength reduction method mainly considers the strength degradation during the service period and the uncertainty of material strength. Under the normal load combination, strengths of dam concretes and bedrocks are gradually reduced until the dam failure. Especially for bedrocks, due to the complexity of rock genesis and geotectonic movement, various faults, joints, and cracks are distributed complicatedly, so it is possible to make big differences of material properties in local small areas that cannot be systematically represented in the geological survey. Based on the Drucker-Prager yield criterion, the original shear strength parameters are denoted as and for cohesion and friction angle, respectively. Hence, the reduced parameters are denoted as and (for normal condition, the strength reduction parameter ), and the gradually reduced shear strength is used by FEM simulation until the dam failure.
Due to the complexity of rock genesis and geotectonic movement, various faults, joints, and cracks are complicatedly distributed in dam foundation, so big differences of material properties may appear in local small areas that cannot be systematically represented in geological survey. Therefore, under the normal condition, large deformation which seems abnormal may also take place due to the uncertainty of rock properties, especially for the strength of weak structural surfaces, and dam safety will be threatened if and only if this uncertainty is beyond the range of acceptable. Therefore, the connectivity of yield zones along the interlayer in the strength reduction method is defined as the variation sign of normal operation for this concrete gravity dam, and the corresponding dam displacement is determined as dam instability safety monitoring index of grade one. As for the connectivity of yield zones along the interlayer caused by overloading, if engineering or nonengineering measures are not taken to stop the rapidly increased deformation (caused by the continual increments of environmental loads or the creep effect of bedrocks and dam concretes), it may result in the instability sliding of this gravity dam-foundation system. For the same typical stage of the connectivity of yield zones along the interlayer, the risk level under overloading is more serious than that of strength degradation, so the second dam instability safety monitoring index is determined by the overloading method at the aforementioned dam failure stage.
Or, just create 2d line work in solid works and extrude to your liking - if your artwork isn't solid blocks of color, you'll be better eroff just drawing what you want. The tinkercad route:In tinkercad, you spec the extrusion of the svg when you import - so if you want different depths, you'll need to plan two different svgs and join them together after import. 2ff7e9595c
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